Who Killed Reconstruction Essay Example For Students

Who Killed Reconstruction Essay The period that happened following the Civil War is known as Reconstruction. In the South, during this timeframe numerous individuals endured. There was incredible measure of property harm done to such things as ranches, industrial facilities and railways. Numerous different things were pulverized that residents relied on to keep their economy solid. Some financial hardships included demolition of the credit framework and uselessness of the Confederate cash. Despite the fact that insights in the South were ambiguous, students of history state that 750,000 people would be a sensibly close gauge of Southern enlistments in the armed forces and naval force or one tenth of the populace. In the South, Reconstruction implied modifying the economy, building up new state and nearby governments and another social structure among whites and blacks. We will compose a custom exposition on Who Killed Reconstruction explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now During the war Lincoln had extended his administration. With his capacity he would have liked to set up faithful governments in the Southern states that were under Union control. Lincoln named new transitory governors and trained each to call a show to make another state government. He did this when a gathering of the states resident totaling 10 percent of the voters in the 1860 presidential political decision had marked promises of unwaveringness to the Union. Under this arrangement new governments were shaped in Louisiana, Tennessee and Arkansas, however the Congress would not remember them. Republicans in Congress didn't need a brisk reclamation, since it would carry Democratic delegates and legislators to Washington. In 1864 Congress passed the Wade-Davis Reconstruction Bill. This bill would have postponed the way toward rejoining the Union until 50 percent of the individuals made a vow of faithfulness. Anyway Lincoln pocket vetoed the bill. Abraham Lincoln was killed similarly as the South gave up in April 1865, and afterward Andrew Johnson acquired the issue of Reconstruction. Johnson upheld Lincolns plan in the wake of getting down to business. Enough Confederates marked these vows to empower the quick production of new governments. Johnson necessitated that the new states sanction the thirteenth Amendment liberating the slaves. It additionally abrogated subjection in their own constitutions, disposed of obligations acquired while in defiance, and proclaimed severance invalid and void. Before the finish of 1865 the entirety of the secessionist states yet Texas had rejoined the Union. Radical Republicans in Congress figured they should control Reconstruction and wished to rebuff the South for causing the Civil War. A portion of these Republicans wished to make a Southern culture where blacks and whites were equivalent. These Republicans restricted the Southern Black Codes. Dark Codes were cruel nearby and state laws went to control blacks in the South after the Civil War. The Radical Republicans recreation plan incorporated the section of the thirteenth Amendment and built up the Freedmans Bureau. Jackson made the thirteenth Amendment part of his arrangement. The Freedmans Bureau was an organization of the Federal government set up in 1865 to support previous slaves and different people experiencing the impacts of the Civil War. This recreation plan likewise included section of a Civil Rights bill and the fourteenth Amendment; Johnson restricted these. The thirteenth Amendment expressed: Neither subjection nor constrained work will exist inside the United States or its assets with the exception of as a discipline for one sentenced for a wrongdoing. Congress may make laws to authorize this article. The fourteenth Amendment said in area four, The Federal Government will pay every one of its obligations, incorporating obligations contracted in putting down insubordination. Be that as it may, neither bureaucratic nor state governments may pay obligations shrunk by supporting a defiance to the United States, nor pay anybody for the loss of slaves. Just Tennessee sanctioned the fourteenth amendment and was permitted to rejoin the Union by Radicals. .u188c9d1afeb46fc19a20d9d322704f0d , .u188c9d1afeb46fc19a20d9d322704f0d .postImageUrl , .u188c9d1afeb46fc19a20d9d322704f0d .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u188c9d1afeb46fc19a20d9d322704f0d , .u188c9d1afeb46fc19a20d9d322704f0d:hover , .u188c9d1afeb46fc19a20d9d322704f0d:visited , .u188c9d1afeb46fc19a20d9d322704f0d:active { border:0!important; } .u188c9d1afeb46fc19a20d9d322704f0d .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u188c9d1afeb46fc19a20d9d322704f0d { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u188c9d1afeb46fc19a20d9d322704f0d:active , .u188c9d1afeb46fc19a20d9d322704f0d:hover { darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u188c9d1afeb46fc19a20d9d322704f0d .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u188c9d1afeb46fc19a20d9d322704f0d .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .u188c9d1afeb46fc19a20d9d322704f0d .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u188c9d1afeb46fc19a20d9d322704f0d .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u188c9d1afeb46fc19a20d9d322704f0d:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u1 88c9d1afeb46fc19a20d9d322704f0d .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u188c9d1afeb46fc19a20d9d322704f0d-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u188c9d1afeb46fc19a20d9d322704f0d:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Different View point on Human Nature Essay The staying ten Confederate states were involved by United States troops. Southern states needed to compose another constitution ensuring political rights to blacks. The fifteenth Amendment stated: Neither bureaucratic nor state governments can deny any resident the option to cast a ballot as a result of his race or shading, or in light of the fact that he was once in servitude. Congress can pass laws for doing this article. Entry of this alteration was required for the last four states to reemerge. Andrew Johnson had contradicted Radical Reconstruction and had numerous vetoes abrogated. Congress attempted to decrease his capacity through the Command of Army and Tenure of Office Acts. The Command of Army act removed a portion of the presidents power as Commander and Chief of the Army. The Tenure of Office Act said the president couldn't expel a government official without the Senates understanding. In 1868 Johnson was blamed for abusing the Tenure of Office Act and was impugned by the House. At the Senate preliminary he was cleared by one vote. In the South during the Reconstruction time frame the new state government was overwhelmed by bastards. These were Southern whites who bolstered Reconstruction and who utilized political force primarily for political addition. Carpetbaggers were Northerners who went toward the South after the Civil War and entered legislative issues there, regularly for individual addition. Blacks participated in the new governments regularly by casting a ballot Republican, an objective of certain radicals. In spite of the fact that a few changes were completed, Reconstruction governments were tormented by defilement. This was a national issue for the Grant Administration. Toward the finish of the Reconstruction time frame Southern Democrats (counting numerous ex-Confederates) were bit by bit winning home standard. Southern Whites recaptured absolute control by 1877 when troops were evacuated. Limitations were put on blacks political rights and in the end laws were passed that victimized blacks, these were called Jim Crow Laws. The Ku Klux Klan was established in 1866 to shield blacks from casting a ballot was one of numerous enemy of dark gatherings that began to rise towards the finish of Reconstruction. They had been constrained by the military, yet now were liberated from that control. Recreation was an exceptionally difficult scab for America. Taking everything into account, Reconstruction may have put on a show of being futile to a few, and keeping in mind that it carried social and financial hardship to the greater part of America, it was important to carry These United States to The United States. Book reference:

Training and Development proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Preparing and Development - Research Proposal Example It is hence fitting to survey a portion of the procedures taken when preparing a portion of these representatives in the human asset office with the end goal for them to work viably and thusly live quality lives and for the business to keep performing adequately (Gold and Thorpe, 2010, 56). In the investigation, I intend to consolidate the Kirkpatrick’s model. The model is very basic and can work adequately to show the different preparing perspectives. One of the angles from the model that I intend to fuse is the Learning. I will undoubtedly show the learning methodology that I will undoubtedly join to the students (Gold and Thorpe, 2010, 43). Understanding the learning procedure has the upside of having the students understanding the different ideas educated in the oil business considerably further. The second perspective that I should join is the response. Response is basic for it will help a business or rather potential bosses comprehend the best way through which to treat a portion of the workers (Garry, 2007, 650). Various workers have various responses to various undertakings given to them (Jeffrey, 2014, 17). A few responses from the businesses are very negative, this is poor, and relying upon the business, they have the capacity or rather plausibility of picking up work. There are additionally a few representatives with inspirational mentalities and I will undoubtedly communicate the points of interest that these workers have in the preparation procedure. In the paper, I will undoubtedly uncover the consequences of the preparation procedure. This segment will communicate the workers that figured out how to pass the preparation procedure and offer a conversation that will uncover why they passed the meeting (Botha, 2009, 32). There are additionally workers that didn't exactly pass the meeting and I will sure uncover the reasons why they didn't pass and talk about the purposes behind their disappointment. This is basic for it will help individuals in understanding the qualities that

Research Project Essay - Help Your Future in the Job Market

Research Project Essay - Help Your Future in the Job MarketIf you have finished a research project and have submitted it for publication, the best way to further your career is by completing research project essays. As a graduate student, you have already invested much time and effort into your project. You have put in the effort to make it all come together, but with any luck, the results of your work have not been submitted to journals yet. Therefore, as a graduate student, you need to start preparing your research project essay before it is too late.In order to prepare a research project essay, you first need to identify the goals of your project. Make sure that you really understand what the project is about. This is because it is possible that after the project has been completed, you might find that it no longer has any value to your career. You must give yourself some flexibility so that you can explore all options before making any final decisions.Once you have determined you r project's aims, you should then create your own definition of success for the project. This will serve as a guideline for the rest of your writing. Creating a clear, concise statement of how you will measure and evaluate your project's success is important to keep you focused and motivated.When you have set a target to succeed at your project, it is time to decide what materials you will use to achieve this goal. Create an outline of what the project is going to consist of. Be sure to include things such as your own scope, the specific purpose of the project, the timeline, the number of pages to be produced, and other factors that you feel are important.Next, you will want to decide on your specific purpose. For example, if you are writing a research project for your doctoral thesis, you will want to make sure that your purpose for the project is clear. Try to find a concept that is similar to what you already have, but in the form of a research proposal instead of a traditional d issertation.Once you have determined the project's specific purpose, it is time to start writing. Prepare your thoughts, your arguments, and all of your information. As a graduate student, you will want to focus on details and detail when writing the research project essay.Remember that while writing a research project is a great way to pursue your graduate studies, you will only be able to succeed if you follow certain guidelines. Writing a research project involves more than just working with words. By following these tips, you will be able to increase your chances of writing an impressive and effective research project essay.

The Effectiveness of a Celebrity Spokesperson in...

Many marketing companies have realized the importance of celebrity’s endorsement as a marketing communication tool. Corporations hire celebrities because they are individuals with â€Å"Celebrity Equality†. The awareness and association celebrities portray to consumer firm’s hope this branding transfer to the product they are selling. When corporations endorse a celebrity, they are taking on the possibility and risk of that the spokesperson may become involved in events that can have deleterious effects on the company and the product, they are advertising. â€Å"They’re human. When you sign on to a celebrity, you sign on to the whole package –the good, the bad, and the ugly† (L, Therese, K, Robert J, Robert, 2001). Throughout my paper, I†¦show more content†¦Marketers recognize the celebritys influence the message â€Å"the brand† the companies are trying to convey over to the consumer and their similarity. The marke ter also recognized consumer’s information input from the communicator â€Å"the celebrity†, whom they may have similar goals, interest or lifestyle with other than with a person they cannot relate. In addition, a celebrity is capable of transferring their image to the product the company is advertising. â€Å"Company have taken this opportunity into account and tries through using it as an advertising tool, to gain a high brand exposure, attention, interest, desire, and action(D, Chaboet, et al., 2005). The effectiveness of celebrity advertisement taps into consumer interest. Factors associated with celebrity effectiveness are creditability, knowledge, and trustworthiness and appearance. The creditability and effectiveness of the message depend on expertness and trustworthiness. A celebrity with a higher creditability is more effective than a less creditable message. â€Å"Advertiser will opt to use celebrities if they think they have a high level of creditability† (M, Mohan, et al., 2005). Celebrity’s knowledge and expertise of the brand play an important role on the valid assertions of the product. Majority of companies uses an expert spokespersonShow MoreRelatedAdvertising and Big Beer Ad Essay727 Words   |  3 Pagesfactors are perceived intention of source, correct use of celebrity endorsements and the appropriateness of the spokesperson with the content of the message. 2. What are the implications of the sleeper effect for the selection of spokespeople and the scheduling of advertising messages? The sleeper effect is the tendency for persuasive communication to lose the impact of source credibility over time. In terms of choice for a spokesperson, it is a good idea to select a controversial and famousRead MoreAdvertising and Promtion: The Effectiveness of a Spokesperson1810 Words   |  8 Pagesimportance of celebrity endorsement as a marketing communication tool. Corporations hire celebrities because they are individuals with â€Å"Celebrity Equality†. The awareness and association celebrities portray firm’s hope this branding transfers to the product they are selling. When corporation sign on a celebrity, they are taking on the possibility and risk of the spokesperson may become involved in events that can have deleterious effects on the spokesperson company and the product their advertising. â€Å"They’reRead More Shire Essay1273 Words   |  6 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The main goal of advertising is to motivate or persuade people to buy a pa rticular product or service, and among the media used to accomplish this are; radio, television, newspapers, and most importantly, magazines. In order for advertisements to successfully portray a product, they must be directed to the appropriate intended audience. In Rolling Stone and YM magazine, there are two advertisements that display a very attractive person gazing and posing to the viewer. In advertising, we are bombardedRead MoreThe Impact of Brand Endorsements on Consumer Behaviour in Mtn4568 Words   |  19 Pagesquality and timely delivery of goods and services. The promotional tools of advertising, public relations, personal selling, direct marketing and sales promotions can all be used to affect consumer behavior. However, the most common used is advertising. Advertising is defined as the use of paid mass media, by an identified sponsor, to deliver communications to target audiences.(David Pickton, Amanda Broderick) Advertising further has the three main objectives of informing, persuading and remindingRead MoreThe Consumer Attitudes Towards Brands Essay1316 Words   |  6 Pagesrevealed that there are declining returns attached with involving celebrities in advertising campaigns. For instance, the demands for remunerations by celebrities are rising with many celebrities endorse several brands at the same time and may at times, shift their endorsement to competing brands. The recent negative publicity generated by some celebrities increase the risk of negative returns; however, since the use of celebrities for brand promotion is constantly practiced by sponsors, it depictsRead MoreLiterature Review Celebrity Chef4456 Words   |  18 PagesLiterature search, methodology used 5 2.3. Description of sub-topics 6 3. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEWED 8 4. A REVIEW OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT 9 4.1. Effectiveness of celebrity endorsement 9 4.2. The consumer 10 4.2.1. Association to celebrity endorsement 11 4.2.2. Perception of association 12 4.2.3. Attitudes towards the endorser 12 4.3. Positive or negative effects of celebrity endorsement 13 4.4. Purchase intentions 14 5. CONCLUSION 15 5.1. Implications for practitioners 15 5.2. ImplicationsRead MoreExploring The Impact Of Celebrity Endorsement On Consumer1097 Words   |  5 PagesEXPLORING THE IMPACT OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT ON CONSUMER PREFERENCE AND BUYING BEHAVIOUR (A CASE OF SELECTED DIRECT TO HOME (DTH) SERVICE PROVIDERS IN JODHPUR) A RESEARCH PROPOSAL (SYNOPSIS) SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, FACULTY OF COMMERCE MANAGEMENT STUDIES, JAI NARAIN VYAS UNIVERSITY, JODHPUR, RAJASTHAN FOR THE REGISTERATION OF DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF: SUBMITTED BY: Dr. M.L.VASITA Read MoreEffective Use of Celebrity Endorsement as an Advertising Strategy2878 Words   |  12 Pagesunderstanding of effective use of celebrity endorsement as an advertising strategy. The types of sources covered when conducting this research included journals, articles, books and dissertation which relevant to the celebrity endorsement. There are four main parts need to be emphasis, first is the history and background, second is evaluation of three theories model; which consists of TEARS model shows celebrity play an important role in facilitating advertising effectively, The Meaning TransferRead MoreEffective Use of Celebrity Endorsement as an Advertising Strategy2892 Words   |  12 Pagesunderstanding of effective use of celebrity endorsement as an advertising strategy. The types of sources covered when conducting this research included journals, articles, books and dissertation which relevant to the celebrity endorsement. There are four main parts need to b e emphasis, first is the history and background, second is evaluation of three theories model; which consists of TEARS model shows celebrity play an important role in facilitating advertising effectively, The Meaning TransferRead MoreChapter Two : Literature Review3209 Words   |  13 PagesChapter Two: Literature Review 2.1 Overview The term brand equity refers to the incremental value added by a brand name to a product (Pappu et al., 2011, cited in Farquhar, 1989). Celebrity Endorsements could be when there were consumer attachments to the popular figure who, which represented the products or services of the brands. Brands are popularised by different marketing techniques that navigate how the brand accumulates loyalty and trust amongst its consumer market (Chaudhuri Holbrook,

Human Cloning Essay - 1861 Words

Human Cloning There are many opinions on the topic of cloning, particularly on the controversy of human cloning. Lots of people have many fears over if we should continue this form of study, whereas others think that this technology should be pushed forward with high hopes. However, no side should rule out the other, but instead, should compliment one another. Both arguments should be heard and acknowledged before any decision is made towards this new area of study. For example, many people think that their fears are unanswerable and should cause the absolute ban on cloning. Although many scientists are in the field of cloning, many other people have scientific reasons why this shouldn’t happen. One reason is that if a human clone†¦show more content†¦Another concern with Dolly was that the clone was not entirely from one origin. It is now known that Dolly doesn’t carry the entire DNA structure of her ‘mother’. The clone could have received fetal cells, resulting in mixed DNA from a female and male, which means that Dolly was just the product of an artificial insemination. At this point, many scientists agree that it could have been a mistake, but other clones have been produced that are true clones, such as: October 3, 1997, Honolulu, created a mouse clone from cumulus cells surrounding an embryo named Cumulina, resulting in 50 clones with a success rate of 50:1 by July 1998; cloned monkeys at Oregon, March 1997, with possible success chances with humans; and others that you can find in the news nowadays. Along with these scientific arguments, many people also have moral issues. Moral issues play a big part in the ongoing battle over cloning. Under some main religions, arguments rise that the creation of life is against the will of ‘God’, and that humans shouldn’t have this power because it’s unnatural, and it shouldn’t be abused. However, some cloning scientists counter that in some religious texts, human is portrayed as a sort of co-creator with the ‘Supreme’. A certain group, led by Rael (formerly known as Claude Vorilhorn and president of â€Å"Clonaid†), claim that he was visited by aliens in 1973 who said they created life by cloning their own DNA and genetically changingShow MoreRelatedThe Cloning Of Human Cloning1449 Words   |  6 Pagesto live up to 1,000 years old is alive today. However, many humans have a fear that this power of creation is fashioning an earthy trinity of man, science, and technology. Many of those who believe and fear this idea are apprehensive of various upcoming techno logical advances. After the first successful cloning experiment of a sheep, Dolly, scientists have looked into human cloning and the benefits it would offer humanity. Cloning of humans would give parents who are infertile the possibility to haveRead MoreThe Cloning Of Human Cloning1332 Words   |  6 PagesCloning Science today is developing at warp speed. We have the potential to do many things, which include the cloning of actual humans and animals. The question no longer seems to be if we will clone humans, but when? Somewhere, sometime, a human clone will be born. This fact has exploded the world into a global debate. Will large armies of soldiers be raised to fight our wars? Or perhaps we will create a race of slaves to do our dirty work. Cloning is becoming more credible and concrete idea ratherRead MoreThe Cloning Of Human Cloning1006 Words   |  5 PagesTwins? Or is it clones? It has been known that identical twins are natural clones. The question is, what is cloning? Cloning is the process of making a genetically identical organism through the use of a DNA sample. There are three different types of artificial cloning: gene cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Dolly, the sheep, was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. There is a spe cific procedure that has to be followed for a clone to be madeRead MoreThe Cloning Of Human Cloning1774 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction- Cloning is defined as two organisms having identical genetic DNA and has been around since the early 1800s. When people think of the word ‘cloning’ many think of Dolly the sheep; however, the first organism to ever be cloned was a sea urchin in 1885. When scientists created Dolly, they took a cell from the mammary gland from an adult Finn Dorset sheep and an egg cell from a Scottish blackhead sheep. Dolly’s white face was the first sign that she was genetically modified because if sheRead MoreCloning And Its Implications On Human Cloning1497 Words   |  6 PagesCloning and Its Sociobiological Implications Picture this: walking down a street and seeing someone who looks exactly like you. They do the same things as you, act the same way you do, and are exactly alike in several ways. But have people ever considered the consequences of human cloning if it becomes permitted? Human cloning might seem like something out of a science-fiction novel, but it may someday be possible with advances in science and technology. This will result in the creation of severalRead MoreThe Human Of Human Cloning2049 Words   |  9 PagesHuman Cloning Nowadays, in the twenty-first century, advances in medical sciences are being more and more common. As people become sicker, scientist try to find the way to solve that prob-lem. There are many series of medicaments, surgeries, and machines that have been develop to satisfy the necessities of modern society. However, all these techniques and options are not enough to cure many diseases or other types of problems such as amputations, transplants, and so on. As a result, scientists tryRead MoreThe Prospect Of Human Cloning1295 Words   |  6 Pages The prospect of human cloning was introduced in February 1997 when an embryologist was able to produce a lamb through the process of cloning. Once the lamb was cloned, the question of whether research for human cloning came into being. Society and researchers have feuded over whether human cloning should be banned or allowed for research and reproduction purposes. Each side has reasonable ideologies to continue their stance towards the oppo sing argument. Pro- cloners believe that the research developedRead MoreThe Ethics Of Human Cloning918 Words   |  4 Pages and human cloning. The idea of human cloning is most interesting because it is most mysterious and very complex. The topic of human cloning inclusively brings up issues also raised in the mentioned technologies. Human cloning is of two types: therapeutic and reproductive. Therapeutic cloning aims to produce tissues or organs from cells of a cloned embryo, whereas reproductive cloning aims to further develop the cloned embryo into a human being (Glannon 89). Motivations for human cloning are therapeuticRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Cloning1034 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout this paper, I will be talking about the topic of human cloning. However, there are many who have concluded to different definitions. To clarify, and use a specific definition, the American Medical Association defines the method of cloning as the production of genetically identical organisms. In summary, the process of cloning is producing a child, with completely identical genes, or parent. It is important to realize that cloning does not necessarily produce an exact replica of the individualRead MoreHuman Cloning Is Justified?1295 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper: Human Cloning is Justified Imagine a world where disease was non-existent, long term injuries could be healed in half the time, a world where our life spans could be greatened to an extent never seen before by man. This could be achieved with the cloning of humans, artificial cloning is the next evolutionary step for mankind.Although many would claim human cloning is unethical and dangerous, there are procedures at hand currently that are far from that. The act of human cloning allows for

The Address by Marga Minco free essay sample

The Address by Marga Minco, the author suggests that people do not realize what they take for granted until they do not have them anymore. We will write a custom essay sample on The Address by Marga Minco or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the excerpt, the narrator is in a house with all her possessions, and the daughter of the woman who took all these possessions has no idea what is going on. Long ago, the narrator’s mother had given all her worldly possessions to a strange lady, who always took everything away with a look of greed. The narrator has come to the house with all the possessions, and it suddenly hits her that all her memories are just through the doorway.When she enters, she sees all of her possessions, â€Å"in a room which I both knew and didn’t know†. This one simple line describes how she feels, how though all  n The Address by Marga Minco, the author suggests that people do not realize what they take for granted until they do not have them anymore. In the excerpt, the narrator is in a house with all her possessions, and the daughter of the woman who took all these possessions has no idea what is going on.Long ago, the narrator’s mother had given all her worldly possessions to a strange lady, who always took everything away with a look of greed. The narrator has come to the house with all the possessions, and it suddenly hits her that all her memories are just through the doorway. When she enters, she sees all of her possessions, â€Å"in a room which I both knew and did n’t know†. This one simple line describes how she feels, how though all

Woman and Country Lovers free essay sample

Country Lovers and What’s it like to be a Black Girl† ENG125: Introduction to Literature (ABG1316D) Racism: â€Å"Country Lovers† and â€Å"What’s it like to be a Black Girl† Literature is often known as short stories that tells a story using character’s inner narrative thoughts with thematic focus. Poems are formed with arrangement of words with musicality using stanzas and rhyming lines. Short stories and poems often have similar forms, style and content with different delivery style that contrast. These writings tend to focus on issues of racism, inner struggles, prejudice and the wait for freedom. In â€Å"Country Lovers† and â€Å"What it’s like to be a black Girl† both women dealt with racism and discrimination in their life. Content The Short Story, â€Å"Country Lovers† and poem â€Å"What it’s like to be a Black Girl† is about black females and the experience from society. The short story, â€Å"Country Lovers† was written by Nadine Gardiner in 1975 (Clugston 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Woman and Country Lovers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The story is about a black female named Thebedi and white boy named Paulus, who grew up together in South Africa on a small farm and lived in a discriminative environment. From childhood, both grew up on a farm, where interracial was harsh for the lovers. Paulus was very afraid of the community knowing about his relationship with Thebedi. Paulus goes off to college to return to the village where Thebedi had given birth to his son. The story proceeds to Paulus killing their newborn because he was afraid of the society finding out their love quarrel. In â€Å"What it’s like to be a Black Girl† The poem shows the readers the viewpoint of a young black woman transitioning into womanhood. Patricia, the author, highlights the changes of a black woman through adulthood and how she perceives herself in society. The young woman struggles with the image of acceptance by transforming her hair into a different color to form a white image (Smith). The poem focuses on how black females were ashamed of their race during that time period. Form â€Å"Country Lovers† and â€Å"What its’ Like to be a Black Girl† created a struggle that illustrates similar and contrast forms. Throughout the short story and poem both females faced hardship and struggle with transitioning into a woman of color. During the period of change and growth; both characters wanted the best for their lives but couldn’t accept their culture. Each story deals with the anger and depression, similar as, â€Å"Country Lovers. † Both writers dealt with heartbreak, confusion, and prejudices with their characters. The similarity with both literature forms closely throughout the theme. In,â€Å" Country Lovers† it talks about black children are making along with the bodily changes common to all, an easy transition to adult forms of address, beginning to call their old playmates missus and bassie little master (Clugston, 2010). The change of becoming a woman relates to the black female in â€Å"What’s it’s like to be a black woman† where the black character in this poem feared womanhood as well. She considered her image to not be acceptable in her society. Facing Adulthood, during that time period was harsh on black women. Author: Smith wrote, â€Å"Like your edges are wild, like there’s something, everything wrong (Smith) Both, characters from the poem and short story were ashamed of their race leaving a sorrowful end, with both women facing a tragedy. Thebedi loses her son to Paulus murdering him and the Black girl in poem changes her body image with awkwardness of her new body, just as, Gordiner’s poem that focuses on the forms of humankind transitioning moments. Contrast Style The tone is when both characters face unspoken discrimination in their stories. The content, form and style focuses on two black women who faced similar hardship but in a different setting. Each theme displays the hatred, acceptance, and struggle in their lives as black women. The styles are similar as writers, which comes from a different prospective but same place of injustice. The racial dilemma was experienced in both literature; but ended differently as the women contained to fit into society. For example, the first time discrimination was pointed out indirectly was in the line, â€Å"The farm children play together when they are small, but once the white children go away to school they soon dont play together any more† (Gardiner 1975). This topic is often hard to discuss but still exist in the human race. The story, â€Å"Country Lovers† and â€Å"What it’s like to be Black Girl† both represent discrimination from society of racism and ones acceptance of self. References: Clugston, R. W. San Diego, California: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Clugston, R. W. (2010). Poems for Reflection. In Your Journey into Literature (chapter 12 Section 2). Clugston, R. W. (2010). Country Lovers. In Your Journey into Literature (chapter 3). What Its Like to Be a Black Girl by Patricia Smith

The Alternative Road

The Alternative Road The Alternative Road;They are a constant presence in everyone's life. It is a simple truth that we have each been subject to them in some form or another at various points throughout our years. It may also go with out saying that in most instances they have been greeted with nothing but scowled faces and a solid stream of complaints. What is this repugnant enigma of our existence that is being referred to here? It is simply... a test.From the moment one begins his/her academic career, tests are an aspect that is not only inevitable, but also unavoidable. The test is the most commonly used, as well as the oldest, form of assessment. They come in various shapes and disguises. These may include; a multiple choice test printed on a scantron, a series of essay questions placed on a handout, or perhaps an oral quiz where the students scrawl their answers on their very own notebook paper.Bobby (cat) and Kodi (dog)Whatever the preferred method may be, the test is designed to gauge a student' s progress. That is, the test is intended to give an idea to the teacher, the parent, as well as the student as to what knowledge he/she has learned and retained within a given period of time. Is this simple form of testing always an appropriate means of assessment, however?To argue this, let's look at an orange. On the surface, an orange is said to be "good for you". It is a healthy fruit that is full of vitamins and nutrients that our bodies need to grow and function properly. This assessment of an orange's attributes is comparable to the common test. It is a rough estimate of what is accomplished. Just like the orange is said to be "good for you"; a student may earn an...

How to Write the Carnegie Mellon Essays 2015-2016

Founded by Andrew Carnegie in 1900, Carnegie Mellon University is a private research university home to over 6,000 undergraduates. Located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the college boasts 17 varsity teams in the NCAA Division III classification. While it frequently finds itself placed in the top 25 colleges in the nation, perhaps Carnegie Mellon is best recognized for its phenomenal Computer Science program—except for a brief deviation in 2009, CMU is consistently ranked #1 in Computer Science, beating out the likes of Stanford, Cornell, and MIT. Its other programs aren’t too shabby, either, and as a result over 33,000 seniors each year apply to CMU. Applicants to CMU have seven different colleges to choose from: Regardless of whichever college student choose, all applicants are required to fill out a writing supplement. With an acceptance rate of just 18%, students will need to write top-notch essays to secure their spot. Luckily, Admissions Hero is here to help: Note: this year’s CMU app is essentially identical to last year’s. We’ve updated this year’s post only slightly to reflect new trends in admissions. Read last year’s post here . Please submit a one page, single-spaced essay that explains why you have chosen Carnegie Mellon and your particular major(s), department(s) or program(s). This essay should include the reasons why you’ve chosen the major(s), any goals or relevant work plans and any other information you would like us to know. For freshmen applying to more than one college or program, please mention each college or program to which you are applying. Because our admission committees review applicants by college and program, your essay can impact our final decision. Candidates applying for early decision or transfer may apply to only one college and department. This prompt is essentially asking you to write a â€Å"Why X† essay for Carnegie Mellon. Because so many students apply to CMU, the admissions officers are interested in accepting only the students who are genuinely interested in attending CMU. Therefore, you should do some research to find specific examples of resources you would like to take advantage of as a potential CMU student. For some, this might mean going online to read more about CMU’s Fine Arts resources; for others, you might want to ask your close friend who attends CMU about the engineering facilities. Either way, the goal is to have some details on-hand for when you go to write your essay. When you actually answer this question, your best bet is to cover three topics: If you can answer all three questions in a smooth manner, then you will have an effective essay.   List the books (if any) you’ve read this year for pleasure. Choose one and in a sentence describe its impact on you. There’s no â€Å"trick† to this question—the adcoms literally just want to know what books you’ve read this past year. You should have some books to list, but be as truthful as possible. If you are unsure which book you want to choose to describe in one sentence, then ask yourself, â€Å"Is there anything I want to tell the admissions officers about myself that I haven’t already?† If you have a clear answer to this question, then you can strategically choose a book that will allow you to convey that message when you describe its impact on you. For example, if you haven’t yet told the adcoms about your deep love of philosophy—specifically, when it comes to morality—then you might accordingly choose Justice , by Michael J. Sandel and describe how the book allowed you to examine various case studies and develop a new perspective on what morality really is. If there was an interruption during your secondary school or collegiate experience or between your secondary school and collegiate experience (gap year(s)) when you were not enrolled and as a result, not making normal academic progress, please explain the reason for the interruption. The majority of students will not have to answer this question; however, if you are a student who fits the description above, then your best bet is to honestly describe what occurred. If you feel that your reliability or character is called into question when you only objectively describe the situation, then succinctly explain yourself at the end of your description and—if appropriate—express that things will be different in the future. For students whose interruptions were due to taking a gap year (or something similar), then describe your experience and explain its impact on you briefly. For example, maybe you volunteered in Africa for 6 months and now you are a more mature individual. Finally, if you took time off due to a family occurrence or illness, then—once again—explain the situation and leave it at that. While not a requirement, have you been interviewed by an alumni or on campus representative prior to applying for admission? If so, indicate the name of your interviewer and tell us how it impacted your decision to apply. This question is pretty straightforward if you did not get interviewed before applying to CMU—don’t answer it. If you did receive an interview, then hopefully you remembered to record your interviewer’s name. When describing how it impacted your decision to apply, it’s best to recall specific details from your conversation—for example, maybe you and your interviewer share a love of Quidditch, and your interviewer mentioned to you that CMU has a strong Quidditch team. Mentioning small yet specific details about either CMU or your interviewer’s experience with CMU will go a long away in showing that you were impacted by your interview.

Object Oriented Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Object Oriented Technology - Essay Example This process might initially seem to involve unnecessary transitioning, as the applications can be easily integrated using a middleware application which requests/respond to queries to and from individual applications running in same/different platforms. Further, the resources (both manpower as well as system) involved in such transitions are much higher compared to developing a middleware application. However the advantages of using object oriented paradigm overwhelms these drawbacks with its enormous optimistic features and functionalities. The amount of effort involved in system transitions though high, is only a one time process. Once the existing models are transformed to object oriented models, the maintenance of the system become much easier and the resources involved for further enhancements would be reduced to a very great extent. Thus the end product of above process using Object Oriented approach would be a most reliable software application which runs on low production/ma intenance cost. 2. ... In object oriented approach, each of these entities are treated as objects as shown in below figure (fig 1). The objects communicate with each other by sending and receiving messages to perform the required task. Fig 1: Object oriented approach in banking application The structure of the entity in terms of all the functions (methods) and the data (inputs and outputs) involved for an object are defined in separate modules called Class. For example, in the above diagram, the data involved for the customer object would be customer id, customer name, customer address, customer contact number, customer email, etc. The functions involved would be to add customer data, get customer data, update customer data, etc. The bundle of all these data in the form of variables/data fields and all these functions in terms of methods are defined as a template/structure in a module (a piece of code stored separately) called Class (name it CUSTOMER). Similarly, the data fields involved for the account ob ject would be customer id, account number, PIN number, user id, password, account balance, interest etc and functions would be add account, verify account, get account info, get balance, set balance, etc. The data structure for this is stored in another class named ACCOUNT. The same procedure is followed for all the objects that are involved in the requirement. Thus the above figure is updated with the data fields and methods for each class as shown below (fig 2). This diagram/graphical representation of class in terms of data fields and methods is called Unified Modelling Language (UML) diagram. Though there are many data/methods involved in real scenario for each object, only few are shown in figure as example. Fig 2: UML diagram showing class definition for each Object Thus, in the

If I Were to Pose for an Oil Portrait in the Style of The Ambassadors Essay

If I Were to Pose for an Oil Portrait in the Style of The Ambassadors - Essay Example We have mapped the world, but I now live in a scientific age capable of mapping the very scientific architecture of life itself.   Ironically, what is large or significant is, in reality, so very small.   Knowledge is in the details, and this projected image of the human genome will emphasize attention to detail.   This background will further serve as the governing theme, that of scientific achievement, for the remainder of the objects in the portrait. The bottom shelf will represent the past. The shelf, though brown, is of a duller shade than the upper shelf. It is worn and splintered. Though old, the shelf is sturdy. It represents the foundation upon which the future shall forever rely. The bottom shelf contains, from left to right, a leather-bound volume describing the Phoenician Alphabet, an abacus standing upright, an oversized computer mouse, and old rabbit-eared antennae. The alphabet represents our ability to memorialize and to classify information; the abacus represents the evolution of our ability to calculate using technological innovation; the oversized computer mouse represents our ability to transfer remote persons into vast seas of information; and, the rabbit-eared antennae represents the ability to coordinate disparate scientific technologies for unified objectives-- it symbolizes reception or past successes. The top shelf will represent the future. It is wooden, too, but in the middle, it is nearly transparent. T he edges are varnished and a bright shade of brown. The transparency symbolizes looking into the future. This shelf will have a sculptured facial bust of an unknown person, a golden pillar with a clear glass of water on top, and a computer with legs. The objects on the upper shelf are intentionally vague. This vagueness is deliberate; indeed, it is suggesting that science can be unpredictable and surprising. The bust of the unknown person represents one person and everyone; the golden pillar and the clear glass of water represent the reality that fundamentals are too often forgotten.  

Cultural Change in International Markets Essay -- essays research pape

Competitive pressures caused by globalization, deregulation, and discontinuous technological changes seem to have forced many organizations into considering radical change as a way of surviving and growing. A big part of this radical change has to do with accepting and handling cultural differences among other nations. Organizations pursue change to enhance their competitive positions and to grow. Cultural Change Culture changes over time, despite the fact that one of the more important attributes of culture is that it is conservative and resistant to change. When marketing a new innovation to a foreign country, the marketer must possess a thorough knowledge of that country’s culture in order to be successful there, as new innovations can be fail or even cause offence if not marketed or designed in a manner appropriate to that particular culture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are six rules of thumb when doing business across cultures: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Be prepared. Whether traveling or selling from home, you should never approach a foreign market with first researching the area. Some of the things to learn would include social and business etiquette, history, current affairs, the culture’s values, geography, religion, political structure, and practical matter such as currency and hours of business. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slow down. In America â€Å"Time is money.† Americans always seem to be in a rush and can seem unfriendly or arrogant. In other countries, patience is the key. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Establish trust. Having crisp business relationships will get the salesperson nowhere. Product quality, pricing, and clear contracts are not as important as the personal relationship and trust that are developed over time. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Understand the language. Languages differ in parts of the world one must have a vocabulary that is sensitive to nuance and connotation. An interpreter could also be helpful if needed. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Respect the culture. Manner are important. The traveling person is a guest and must respect the hosts’ rules. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Understand components of culture. There are two types: surface culture (fads, styles, foods, etc.) and deep culture (attitudes, beliefs, values). Importance of cultural unders... ...t be aware of this, as there can be serious repercussions for them and their company if there are adverse reactions to the new innovation regardless of the fact it may have been accidental.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Knowledge about other cultures and how they affect the way people do business may show business-people working in a culture different from their own that their solutions are not always the appropriate ones for a given task. Understanding this is the first step in learning how to use cultural differences to gain a strategic advantage. Mishandling or ignoring cultural differences can cause numerous problems, such as lost sales, the departure of competent employees, and low morale that contributes to low productivity. How can international businesspeople learn to live with other cultures? The first step is to realize that there are cultures different from their own. Then they must go and learn the characteristics of those cultures so that they can adapt to them. Traveling to this country and staying a while or undergoing an extensive, training program would be helpful to cover the main characteristics of the culture, including the language.

Pressures Faced by Media Organizations During War Essay

While wars kill people, destroy lives and economies and create lasting hatreds, they often bring great benefits to a minority of people. Wars are great for the national cohesion of a country, wars allow unpopular rulers to gather support for themselves and rally the masses behind them. Wars may also benefit the manufacturers of arms and ammunition and military equipment, mercenary forces or other industries. Wartimes are often periods of great emotional upheaval and peoples’ patriotic and nationalistic feelings rise to a great intensity. During wars people are inclined to be less suspicious of government motives and more complaint to government commands and recommendations. However, generally wars cause much more harm than good and a section of the public often opposes war. During war times governments often rely on the national media to back their military policy and answer and refute the critics of war in their behalf. Media organizations face pressure from the government, the masses, the corporations and the military to conceal or distort facts or to report the war in a certain way. In a democratic country, the citizens depend on the media to inform them objectively whether a certain governmental policy is in their best interests or not. Often the rulers of a country decide to go to war, while the people are reluctant. In such situations the government may pressurize media organizations to convince the public of the need for war. This situation occurred in the United States at the start of the World War I. The American public saw no reason to enter war against Germany at the behalf of Britain. The President Woodrow Wilson, on the other hand pledged to enter war in the aid of Britain. In April 1917 as the US entered the war, Wilson formed the Committee on Public Information (CPI) to convince the American intellectuals to support US entry into the war. The committee flooded the country with speakers and propaganda posters. Newspapers were flooded with news releases denouncing the Germans and leveling true and false accusations at them (Ponder). While at war governments often wish that the war be seen as a moral cause, wars that are fought for mercenary reasons or out of a misguided or extreme conception of patriotism are portrayed as morally sanctioned campaign to bring about a noble goal. Members of the media are expected to use this narrative in their reporting. Those who question the righteousness of the cause may face punitive actions of various types. During the Vietnam War, the media was employed by the American government as a tool against the anti-war movement. Anti-war protesters were portrayed as traitors, giving aid and comfort to the Vietcong and North Vietnamese enemy. It was not until a large number of elected officials had declared their opposition to the ongoing war, that it became acceptable for the media to discuss the motives and assumptions behind the conflict and the righteousness of America’s cause. However the general tone of the war coverage was highly ‘patriotic’ as if the presence of the US forces in Vietnam were most natural and it were the Vietcong who were foreign invaders (Hallin). Compared to previous administrations, the Nixon administration had to face a lot more public skepticism and widespread anti-war sentiments. The television networks too, started showing a lot more criticism of the administrations war policies. The administrations response was to appeal to the affiliate TV channels, which were mostly owned by rich, white, conservatives, to bear pressure upon the news networks to reduce the extent of their criticism (Hallin). The success of the establishment’s efforts to present the war as a moral goal is heavily dependant upon the public’s perception of the enemy as the epitome of evil. Therefore the establishment may try to suppress any discussion in the media that portrays the enemy as having any positive quality whatsoever. Soon after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, comedian Bill Maher, on his TV show ‘Politically Incorrect’ questioned President Bush’s comment that the attackers were cowardly. One of the guests on the show, political analyst Dinesh D’Souza replied that the word was inaccurate when applied to the attackers, they were not cowards but warriors, agreeing with him Maher said, â€Å"We have been the cowards, lobbing cruise missiles from 2,000 miles away. That’s cowardly. Staying in the airplane when it hits the building, say what you want about it, it’s not cowardly. † (Jones) This comment provoked a storm of fury in the public, in the media and the government. The comment was condemned by President Bush’s spokesman Ari Fleischer who said, â€Å"There are reminders to all Americans that they need to watch what they say, watch what they do and this is not a time for remarks like that; there never is. † (Jones). As a result of the controversy generated by the comment, the show ‘Politically Incorrect’ was deprived of advertising revenue and was cancelled a few months later (Jones). One of the most common themes employed in pro-war propaganda is the identification of the military campaign as a campaign for the human rights of ordinary people. This propaganda is severely threatened by the news of civilian causalities. Therefore governments at war wish may wish to suppress or minimize the impact of news mentioning civilian casualties caused as a result of their soldiers’ actions. In order to portray the conflict with the enemy as a struggle between good and evil it is necessary to minimize any wrong doings or atrocities committed by the national and allied armed forces. Often reporters learning of a story involving atrocities by their own side feel pressured to hide these atrocities altogether. Reporters may also fear that if they report anything negative about the military, their access to the frontlines will be curtailed. In addition for reporters who are embedded within a military unit, within a few days of facing the same dangers as the troops, their identification with the unit may make it extremely difficult for them to make an objective assessment of a situation. During the Korean War, in the summer of 1950, the United States forces gunned down hundreds of South Korean refugees at No Gun Ri, believing them to be North Korean infiltrators. This massacre and other lesser ones were covered up by the American reporters because they believed that publishing the story might harm the war effort. It was not until 1999 that the No Gun Ri massacre was reported in the American Media (Penri). In Vietnam, the journalist Morley Safer, who revealed a number of atrocities on the part of the American military was especially the target of government wrath. Military officials attempted to have him barred from the war zone and recalled by his news agency (Hammond). In order to keep public support behind the war, the government may wish to give the impression that the war effort is succeeding very well even when the facts are to the contrary. The government may try to restrict the broadcast of certain types of information such as causality figures. During the Vietnam War, the American forces were fighting a smaller, clandestine war in Laos. In order to prevent the news of this clandestine war becoming public, the casualty figures for the Vietnam war were expanded to include the casualties in Laos under the heading â€Å"Casualties incurred by the US . military personnel in connection with the conflict in Vietnam† (Hammond). During the present day Iraq and Afghanistan wars, the Bush government forbade the media from publishing photographs of flag draped coffins of American soldiers shipped back from Afghanistan and Iraq, on the basis that it would undermine the morale of the public. The government may also fear that news of military setbacks received by the national forces may turn public opinion against the war. In World War II, news of setbacks suffered by the US forces in the South Pacific were severely censored. If it became clear that there was no way to hide the news from being broadcasted, media sources would be instructed to wait until a victory had been achieved, the news of the setback in one area would then be paired up with the news of victory in another area to lessen the impact of the bad news (Carpenter). On occasion members of international media organizations may be regarded as a hostile force by a side in a conflict due to their refusal to ascribe to a code of self-censorship or due to perceived bias in their news reports. These media organizations may then face violence at the hands of military forces. The Qatari television channel Al-Jazeera may have been the object of this treatment in the present day Afghanistan and Iraq wars. In November 2001, a bomb dropped from a US warplane destroyed the Al-Jazeera office in Kabul. Al-Jazeera executives alleged that the US military had been informed of the coordinates of their office beforehand and that the bombing was deliberate (Wells). Al-Jazeera was again the alleged target of US attack in Iraq. Al-Jazeera interviewed Allied military personnel captured by Iraqi forces as well as the massive civilian losses caused by the allied bombing. Neoconservative intellectuals close to the Bush administration, such as Frank Gaffney advocated the use of the US military against Al-Jazeera, alleging that it was the mouthpiece of Saddam Hussein and al-Qaida. In November 2005, the British publication The Daily Mirror alleged the existence of a memo from the British Prime Ministers office that claimed that President Bush considered bombing al-Jazeera offices in Qatar in discussions with the Prime Minister Tony Blair and that Blair talked him out of it (Mcguire and Lines). The conduct of war often becomes a point of contention between rival groups in a government, this may lead to politically motivated intentional ‘leaks’ of sensitive information to the media. These ‘leaks’ may consist of partial, distorted or fabricated information, giving people a distorted view of the reality of issues. Since news media organizations are always looking to gain an advantage over their competitors they may decide to publish this unverified information thereby becoming unwitting tools in the hands of a faction in the government. During the Iraq War, the identity of CIA operative Valerie Plame was leaked to the press, the leak was seen as a reprisal against Plame’s husband Joseph C.  Wilson IV who had refuted President Bush’s assertion that President Hussein of Iraq was seeking to build nuclear weapons in a column in ‘Times’ (Werther). Modern news media attempts to serve several masters at once. In order to get to cover a war a make a profit they have to keep the military, the people, the administration and the affiliates happy. The professional responsibility of a journalist to report only the truth often takes a b ackseat to these considerations.

What Is the Difference Between the Variance and Standard Deviation

When we measure the variability of a set of data, there are two closely linked statistics related to this: the variance  and standard deviation, which both indicate how spread-out the data values are and involve similar steps in their calculation. However, the major difference between these two statistical analyses is that the standard deviation is the square root of the variance. In order to understand the differences between these two observations of statistical spread, one must first understand what each represents: Variance represents all data points in a set and is calculated by averaging the squared deviation of each mean while the standard deviation is a measure of spread around the mean when the central tendency is calculated via the mean. As a result, the variance can be expressed as the average squared deviation of the values from the means or [squaring deviation of the means] divided by the number of observations and standard deviation can be expressed as the square root of the variance. Construction of Variance To fully understand the difference between these statistics we need to understand the calculation of the variance. The steps to calculating the sample variance are as follows: Calculate the sample mean of the data.Find the difference between the mean and each of the data values.Square these differences.Add the squared differences together.Divide this sum by one less than the total number of data values. The reasons for each of these steps are as follows: The mean provides the center point or average of the data.The differences from the mean help to determine the deviations from that mean. Data values that are far from the mean will produce a greater deviation than those that are close to the mean.The differences are squared because if the differences are added without being squared, this sum will be zero.The addition of these squared deviations provides a measurement of total deviation.The division by one less than the sample size provides a sort of mean deviation. This negates the effect of having many data points each contribute to the measurement of spread. As stated before, the standard deviation is simply calculated by finding the square root of this result, which provides the absolute standard of deviation regardless of a total number of data values. Variance and Standard Deviation When we consider the variance, we realize that there is one major drawback to using it. When we follow the steps of the calculation of the variance, this shows that the variance is measured in terms of square units because we added together squared differences in our calculation. For example, if our sample data is measured in terms of meters, then the units for a variance would be given in square meters. In order to standardize our measure of spread, we need to take the square root of the variance. This will eliminate the problem of squared units, and gives us a measure of the spread that will have the same units as our original sample. There are many formulas in mathematical statistics that have nicer looking forms when we state them in terms of variance instead of standard deviation.